University Endowments
University endowments are funds set up by gifts and donations, which are invested to earn returns that provide ongoing support …
level III
Sovereign Wealth Funds
Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) are investment funds owned by a government. The International Monetary Fund defines five broad categories of …
Pension Funds
Pension funds are plans designed to save and invest in order to provide income for plan beneficiaries upon retirement. The …
Overview of Institutional Investors
Common Characteristics Note the following five common characteristics that cause institutional investors to differ from individual investors: Scale (size). Institutions tend …
Framework for Individual Risk Management
In general, risk management for individuals is the process of identifying threats to the value of household assets and developing an appropriate …
Human and Financial Capital
An investor’s total wealth is composed of both human capital and financial capital. Human capital (HC) is the discounted present value of expected future …
Managing Risk of Investment Real Estate
A single investment in a real estate asset can be large and constitute a significant portion of an investor’s assets, …
Managing Risk of Private Business Equity
Privately held businesses may be more concentrated, the standalone and nonsystematic risk tends to be very high, and the asset …